The Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR) calls for restoring at least 25,000 kilometres of free-flowing rivers by 2030. Translating this ambition into implementation remains challenging due to differing restoration priorities across ecological, social, economic and governance contexts. This study offers a roadmap to support the implementation of the NRR's goal of restoring free-flowing rivers. 

The authors investigated the influence of dynamic hyporheic zones. They developed of a novel field-based setup that enabled the simultaneous monitoring of oxygen dynamics and bedform migration in a stream. Contrary to what has been reported in several studies, they observed more strongly oxygenated bedforms at the highest velocity studied. 

This study shows: Over 40 percent of extant large freshwater animals (megafauna) have been deliberately introduced outside their natural ranges, often for economic gain. While these alien species can provide substantial benefits to certain groups in the introduced regions, they also posed profound and often underestimated risks to native biodiversity and local people.