A comprehensive long-term study in artificially heated lakes in Poland has shown that increased water temperatures and nutrient enrichment significantly influence the composition and diversity of plankton organisms in lakes. These changes could have far-reaching implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This study, led by the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), highlights the importance of considering temperature-nutrient interactions when predicting ecosystem responses to climate change.